Paronychia is an infection that occurs around the nail, affecting the skin and soft tissues adjacent to the nail. This condition can cause symptoms such as redness, swelling, pain, and pus around the nail. It often results from bacterial or fungal infections, and can affect both fingernails and toenails. Paronychia is commonly caused by trauma or irritation to the nail area, such as biting nails, manicures, or exposure to irritants like chemicals or water. Bacterial paronychia is typically caused by staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria, which enter through small cuts or abrasions around the nail. Fungal paronychia, often caused by fungi like Candida, can develop after prolonged exposure to moisture or due to a compromised immune system. Acute paronychia is characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms, often following trauma, and can lead to the formation of an abscess. Chronic paronychia, on the other hand, develops gradually, usually due to persistent exposure to moisture or irritants. Treatment for paronychia depends on the severity and cause of the infection. For bacterial paronychia, oral or topical antibiotics may be prescribed to combat the infection. For fungal paronychia, antifungal treatments are necessary to address the underlying fungal infection. Warm soaks and proper nail hygiene, including keeping the affected area clean and dry, can help reduce symptoms and promote healing. In cases where an abscess has formed, drainage by a healthcare professional may be required. Avoiding further trauma or irritation and protecting the nails from excessive moisture can help prevent recurrence. Consulting a healthcare provider is important for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
